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UNITED_A.TXT
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1994-11-29
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United Arab Emirates
Geography
Location:
Middle East, along the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Map references:
Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
75,581 sq km
land area:
75,581 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Maine
Land boundaries:
total 867 km, Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
Coastline:
1,318 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
defined by bilateral boundaries or equidistant line
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
3 nm assumed for most of country; 12 nm for Ash Shariqah (Sharjah)
International disputes:
location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final; no
defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far
north; claims two islands in the Persian Gulf occupied by Iran
(Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e
Kuchek or Lesser Tunb); claims island in the Persian Gulf jointly
administered with Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa or Abu Musa); in 1992, the
dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands became more acute when Iran
unilaterally tried to control the entry of third country nationals
into the UAE portion of Abu Musa island, Tehran subsequently backed
off in the face of significant diplomatic support for the UAE in the
region
Climate:
desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Terrain:
flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast
desert wasteland; mountains in east
Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas
Land use:
arable land:
0%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
2%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
98%
Irrigated land:
50 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
lack of natural freshwater resources being overcome by desalination
plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
natural hazards:
frequent dust and sand storms
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the
Sea
Note:
strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a
vital transit point for world crude oil
People
Population:
2,791,141 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
4.79% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
27.68 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
3.05 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
23.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
72.26 years
male:
70.16 years
female:
74.46 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
4.6 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Emirian(s)
adjective:
Emirian
Ethnic divisions:
Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates
(includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)
note:
less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
Religions:
Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
Languages:
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
Literacy:
age 10 and over but definition of literacy not available (1980)
total population:
68%
male:
70%
female:
63%
Labor force:
580,000 (1986 est.)
by occupation:
industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5%
note:
80% of labor force is foreign (est.)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
conventional short form:
none
local long form:
Al Imarata al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
local short form:
none
former:
Trucial States
Abbreviation:
UAE
Digraph:
TC
Type:
federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central
government and other powers reserved to member emirates
Capital:
Abu Dhabi
Administrative divisions:
7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman,
Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy, Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al
Qaywayn
Independence:
2 December 1971 (from UK)
National holiday:
National Day, 2 December (1971)
Constitution:
2 December 1971 (provisional)
Legal system:
secular codes are being introduced by the UAE Government and in
several member emirates; Islamic law remains influential
Suffrage:
none
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan, (since 2 December 1971), ruler
of Abu Dhabi; Vice President Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid al-MAKTUM (since
8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy
head of government:
Prime Minister Shaykh MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October
1990), ruler of Dubayy; Deputy Prime Minister Sultan bin Zayid Al
NUHAYYAN (since 20 November 1990)
Supreme Council of Rulers:
composed of the seven emirate rulers, the council is the highest
constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and
sanctions federal legislation, Abu Dhabi and Dubayy rulers have veto
power; council meets four times a year
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
Legislative branch:
unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis Watani Itihad); no
elections
Judicial branch:
Union Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
none
Other political or pressure groups:
NA
Member of:
ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC,
UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Muhammad bin Husayn al-SHAALI
chancery:
Suite 600, 3000 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone:
(202) 338-6500
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador William A. RUGH
embassy:
Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi
mailing address:
P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi
telephone:
[971] (2) 336691
FAX:
[971] (2) 318441
consulate(s) general:
Dubayy (Dubai)
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a
thicker vertical red band on the hoist side
Economy
Overview:
The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's highest incomes
per capita and with a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is
based on oil and gas output (about 40% of GDP), and the fortunes of
the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since
1973, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an
impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state
with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, crude
oil reserves should last for over 100 years. Although much stronger
economically than most Gulf states, the UAE faces similar problems
with weak international oil prices and the pressures for cuts in OPEC
oil production quotas. The UAE government is encouraging increased
privatization within the economy.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $63.8 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
1% (1993 est.)
National product per capita:
$24,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.5% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NEGL% (1988)
Budget:
revenues:
$4.3 billion
expenditures:
$4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est)
Exports:
$22.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)
commodities:
crude oil 66%, natural gas, re-exports, dried fish, dates
partners:
Japan 39%, Singapore 5%, Korea 4%, Iran 4%, India 4% (1991)
Imports:
$18 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)
commodities:
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, food
partners:
Japan 14%, UK 9%, US 8%, Germany 6% (1992)
External debt:
$11 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 1.7% (1992 est.); accounts for 50% of GDP, including
petroleum
Electricity:
capacity:
6,090,000 kW
production:
17.85 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
6,718 kWh (1992)
Industries:
petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat
building, handicrafts, pearling
Agriculture:
accounts for 2% of GDP and 5% of labor force; cash crop - dates; food
products - vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs, dairy, fish; only
25% self-sufficient in food
Illicit drugs:
growing role as heroin transshipment and money-laundering center
Economic aid:
donor:
pledged in bilateral aid to less developed countries (1979-89) $9.1
billion
Currency:
1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils
Exchange rates:
Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1 - 3.6710 (fixed rate)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications
Highways:
total:
2,000 km
paved:
1,800 km
unpaved:
gravel, graded earth 200 km
Pipelines:
crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km
Ports:
Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina'
Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid
Merchant marine:
57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 909,041 GRT/1,512,741 DWT, bulk
1, cargo 18, chemical tanker 2, container 9, liquified gas 1, oil
tanker 22, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3
Airports:
total:
39
usable:
36
with permanent-surface runways:
22
with runways over 3,659 m:
6
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
6
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
6
Telecommunications:
modern system consisting of microwave and coaxial cable; key centers
are Abu Dhabi and Dubayy; 386,600 telephones; satellite ground
stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1
ARABSAT; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan;
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi
Arabia; broadcast stations - 8 AM, 3 FM, 12 TV
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Federal Police Force
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 1,040,828; fit for military service 567,766; reach
military age (18) annually 17,303 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $1.47 billion, 5.3% of GDP (1989 est.)